Hindman, L. C. (2025). ‘Men have it easy:’ Dress as a gendered social practice in men’s professional sport organizations. Managing Sport and Leisure. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2025.2466462

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Hindman, L. C., Keaton, A. C. I., & Walker, N. A. (2025). “Slayyyed head to toe:” Social media discourses of Blackness, queerness, gender, and the Women’s National Basketball Association Draft. Journal of Sport Management. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2024-0068

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Hindman, L. C., Taylor, E., McGrath-Brown, M. C., & Knapp, E. (2025). The Great Resignation in sports? Examining post-pandemic changes in employee attitudes toward sport employment. International Journal of Sport Management, 26(2), 162-192.

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Darvin, L., Lotspeich, S., Hindman, L., & Pegoraro, A. (2025). ‘Who’ makes a ‘good’ leader? Examining the influence of leader gender with perceptions of leader competency and employee outcomes. Gender Issues, 42(3), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-025-09371-x 

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Hindman, L. C., & Paulsen, R. J. (2024). Racial and gender inequality regimes in sport: Occupational segregation and wage gaps in the U.S. spectator sports industry. European Sport Management Quarterly, 24(2), 470-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2128846

 

MacCharles, J. D., Paulsen, R. J., & Hindman, L. C. (2024). Investigating the occupational segregation and wage disparities of U.S. spectator sports employees in same-sex cohabitating relationships. International Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 225-256.

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McLeod, C., Paulsen, R. J., & Hindman, L. C. (2024). Poor-quality jobs and economic disadvantage in the United States’ spectator sports industry. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-04-2024-0169 

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Hindman, L. C., & Walker, N. A. (2024). The gendered organization of men’s professional sport. In A. Knoppers & P. Markula (eds.), Handbook on Gender and Diversity in Sport Management. Routledge. 

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Cocieru, O. C., Lyle, M. C., Hindman, L. C., & McDonald, M. A. (2024). The impact of a classroom as organization on university-to-work transitions and early careers. Journal of Experiential Education, 47(4), 641-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259241242117 

 

Hindman, L. C., McGinnis, L. P., & Marcus, B. (2023). At work and at play: A plan to increase the number of women in golf. Case Studies in Sport Management, 12(S1), S1-S6. https://doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2022-0031​

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Hindman, L. C., Walker, N. A., Paulson, C., & Berri, D. (2022). Firing discrimination of coaches in the most ‘inclusive’ league?: Evidence from the Women’s National Basketball Association. International Journal of Sport Management, 23(4).

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Hindman, L. C., & Walker, N. A. (2021). Feminine and sexy: A feminist critical discourse analysis of gender ideology and professional cheerleading. Journal of Sport Management. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0222

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Hindman, L. C., Walker, N. A., & Agyemang, K. J. (2021). Bounded rationality or bounded morality? The National Basketball Association response to COVID-19. European Sport Management Quarterly, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1879191

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Walker, N. A., Agyemang, K. J., Washington, M., Hindman, L. C., & MacCharles, J. (2021). Getting an internship in the sport industry: The institutionalization of privilege, Sport Management Education Journal, 15(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/smej.2019-0061

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Hindman, L. C., & Walker, N. A. (2020). Sexism in professional sports: How women managers experience and survive sport organizational culture. Journal of Sport Management, 34(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0331

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Cocieru, O. C., Lyle, M. C. B., Hindman, L. C. & McDonald, M. (2019). The “dark side” of psychological ownership: Change and hierarchical relationships. Journal of Change Management 19(4), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2019.1584121

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Katz, M., Walker, N. A., & Hindman, L. C. (2018). Gendered leadership networks in the NCAA: Analyzing affiliation networks of Senior Woman Administrators and Athletic Directors. Journal of Sport Management, 32(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0306
 

Uncovering the Gendered Sport Workplace: A Field Study in Men’s Professional Sports

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Prior research demonstrates that women working in sport management are underrepresented and face sexism and harassment. This study explains such disproportions and discrimination by examining the practices of sport organizations through a gendered organization theory lens. To do so, the study takes an in-depth inquiry of the administrative offices of two men’s professional sport organizations and considers how the gendered nature of organizations, individuals’ gender practices, and organizational discourse create gender inequalities.

Findings reveal that the hierarchical structures of sport organizations are gendered, with men more likely to hold leadership positions as well as roles in departments with greater organizational value, such as sales. Additionally, social processes, such as dress code practices and displays of masculinity and athleticism, further divides between men and women at work. As a result, women, already underrepresented in sport organizations, find their positions at greater risk during times of uncertainty and downsizing. Read my full dissertation here.

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Funding support: North American Society for Sport Management & UMass Amherst Graduate School

The future is female in sports | Inside the Z-Suite | March 5, 2025 

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Confronting inequities in professional sports | Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport Tucker Center Talks | January 28, 2025 

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WNBA set the standard for fan inclusion in social—by letting fans drive | Sports Business Journal | April 11, 2024 

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Udoka story spotlights online harassment for women in sports | WGBH Greater Boston News | September 27, 2022

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Has sports had its #MeToo moment? | NASSM Blog | February 17, 2021​

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Surviving Sexism in Men's Professional Sport | McCormack Thought Leadership Spotlight | October 16, 2020

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Women's Leadership Networks in College Athletics | Athletic Director U | October 9, 2018

Hindman, L. C., & MacCharles, J. D. (2025) Hockey is for Everyone? Organizational discourses of LGBTQ+ inclusion and exclusion in the National Hockey League. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, San Diego, CA.

 

Paulsen, R. J., McCleod, C., & Hindman, L. C. (2025). A longitudinal analysis of worker survival in the U.S. spectator sport industry. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, San Diego, CA.

 

Kluch, Y., Wegner, C. E., & Hindman, L. C. (2025). Pre-conference professional workshop: Building a critical and resilient sport management community in the face of growing authoritarianism. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, San Diego, CA.

 

Patil, S., & Hindman, L. C. (2025). The intersection of gendered workspaces in sport and resulting impacts on women in sport media. Presented at Sport & the City NYC Sport Management Symposium, New York City, NY.

 

Patil, S., & Hindman, L. C. (2024). She knows her stuff (for a woman)! Exploring women’s experiences in sports media organizations. Presented at the European Association for Sport Management Conference, Paris, France.

 

Hindman, L. C., Kluch, Y., MacCharles, J. D., Shin, N., & Wegner, C. E. (2024). Teaching Diversity, equity, and inclusion across the sport management curriculum: Tips and tools for every course. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Minneapolis, MN.

 

Paulsen, R. J., McCleod, C., & Hindman, L. C. (2024). Health insurance and disability in the sport industry: Impacts of the ACA's dependent coverage expansion. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Minneapolis, MN.

 

Paulsen, R. J., McCleod, C., & Hindman, L. C. (2023). Good jobs, bad jobs in the United States’ spectator sport industry. Presented at the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, New Orleans, LA.

 

Hindman, L. C., Brown, M., & Knapp, E. (2023). The great resignation in sport? Examining changes in employee attitudes toward sport employment. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Montreal, QC.

 

Keaton, A. C. I., Hindman, L. C., Walker, N. A., Camara, B., & Agyemang, K. (2023). Media framing and discourses of Black women basketball coaches. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Montreal, QC.

 

Hindman, L. C., Keaton, A. C. I., & Walker, N. A. (2022). Fire emojis: Media and consumer discourses about WNBA athletes in the WNBA Draft and Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. Presented at the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Las Vegas, NV.

 

MacCharles, J. & Hindman, L. C. (2022). An investigation into the use of DEI signaling in professional sport job advertisements in Australia and the United States. Presented at the Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Melbourne, Australia.

 

Hindman, L. C. & Walker, N. A. (2022). Gendered divisions in the men’s professional sport workplace. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Atlanta, GA.

 

Hindman, L. C. & Paulsen, R. J. (2022). Racial and gender inequality regimes in sport: Occupational segregation and wage gaps in the U.S. spectator sports industry. Presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Atlanta, GA.

 

Taylor, E., Sveinson, K., Hindman, L. C., Evangelopoulos, D. & O’Donnell, M. (2022). Scarcity and queen bee syndrome: Women’s role in creating and maintaining toxic work environments in sport organizations. Presented at the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Montreal, QC.
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Hindman, L. C. (2021). Performances of masculinities and femininities at work: Examining gendered practices in sport organizations. Paper presented at the European Association for Sport Management Festival of Sport Management Research and Practice.

 

Hindman, L. C. (2021). Dressing for the part: An examination of sport organization dress codes as a gendered organizational practice. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management.

 

Hindman, L. C., Isard, R.F., Fink, J., Melton, E. N., & Walker, N. A. (2021). Fix the women? The effects of gendered leadership training in sport. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management.

 

Gray, E., Farr, J. R., Green, E. R., Hindman, L. C., Bodin, K., Ryder, A., Patil, S., Teare, G. (2021). An anti-racist classroom: Teaching strategies across the curriculum. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management.
 

Hindman, L. C., Walker, N. A., & Agyemang, K. J. A. (2020). Bounded rationality or bounded morality?: The NBA response to COVID-19. Paper presented at the Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference.

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Hindman, L. C. (2020). Gendered layoffs: Downsizing during times of uncertainty. Paper presented at the Wharton Center for Human Resources People and Organizations Conference, Philadelphia, PA.

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Hindman, L. C. & Darvin, L. (2020). Who makes a good leader? Gendered evaluations of leadership competencies in intercollegiate sport. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, San Diego, CA.

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Hindman, L. C., Fink, J., Melton, E. N., & Walker, N. A. (2020). Fix the women? The effects of gendered leadership training in sport [Conference session canceled]. Paper accepted for presentation at the North American Society for Sport Management, San Diego, CA.

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Hindman, L. C. & Walker, N. A. (2019). Protect, control, objectify: A critical discourse analysis of hegemonic masculinity and professional cheerleading. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, New Orleans, LA.

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MacCharles, J., & Hindman, L. C. (2019). Filling an institutional void: The case of LGBT Sport Advocacy Organizations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.

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Hindman, L. C. & Delia, E. B. (2018). Enhancing team spirit? The role of professional cheerleading and dance squads in team identification. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Halifax, NS.

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Hindman, L. C., Walker, N. A., & Melton E. N. (2018). Gendered evaluations of sport domain knowledge & expertise: Impacts on the hiring process for male and female job candidates. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Halifax, NS.


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Hindman, L. C. & Walker, N. A. (2017). Sexism and microaggressions: Experiences of female managers in professional sports. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Denver, CO.

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Katz, M., Walker, N. A., & Hindman, L. C. (2017). Gendered leadership networks in the NCAA: A 2-mode analysis of senior woman administrators and athletic director networks. Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management, Denver, CO.